Malala Yousafzai free essay sample

The horrific moment a Taliban gunman boarded a packed school bus and shot a teenage education activist twice at point blank range has been relived by her devastated friend. Malala Yousafzai, 14, was critically injured after being shot while travelling home from school earlier this week. The brave teenager was targeted by the Taliban after speaking out against atrocities committed under the regime. According to Malalas friend Shazia, speaking to the Christian Science Monitor, a group of militants riding on a bike stopped the bus carrying the schoolgirls. Masked men then boarded the vehicle and pointed guns at the girls, asking for Malala. A hooded Taliban militant shouted: Which one of you is Malala? Speak up, otherwise I will shoot you all. She is propagating against the soldiers of Allah, the Taliban. She must be punished. Almost as soon as he shouted this, the militant recognised the youngster and shot her at point blank range. We will write a custom essay sample on Malala Yousafzai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The shooting has horrified people in Pakistan and internationally, and has been followed by an outpouring of respect for a girl who earned the enmity of the Taliban for publicising their acts and speaking about the importance of girls education. The Taliban has claimed responsibility for the shooting, saying that the girl was promoting Western thinking. Malala was shot twice at close range and is currently unconscious in hospital in a critical condition.Speaking to CBS News, a close friend of the family said doctors had given relatives a ray of hope . The woman said MRI scans showed that a bullet which had entered the skull did not cause significant damage to her brain. A number of people have been arrested by police in Pakistan in connection with the shooting. A Taliban spokesman said the top leadership of the Talibans Swat Valley chapter decided two months ago to kill Yousufzai in a carefully-planned attack after her family ignored repeated warnings.

Free Essays on Euthanasia in America

Euthanasia in the United States The frail woman lay on her bed, chatting quietly with her grandchild. They had spent the day talking about unicorns, Cinderella, and â€Å"the olden days.† As they conversed, the woman’s daughter looked on. She nodded to the doctor, and by the end of the evening the joyful spirit of old woman was gone. Euthanasia is a practice that has become more common than realized in the United States. Various states in the Union have tried to legalize euthanasia within the past few years. Those states include Colorado, Florida, Maine, Michigan, New York, Washington, California and Oregon. North Carolina, Utah and Wyoming do not necessarily ban physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is criminalized in the remaining states (Johnson 25). Oregon is the only state that allows euthanasia under tightly controlled circumstances. (Johnson 26.) There are several bills that are circulating through U.S. courts and legislatures for and against euthanasia (Matas 14b). Even though euthanasia ha s a growing base of legal support in the United States, it is murder. Oregon has had an ongoing battle about euthanasia since 1994. Citizens in the state approved Ballot Measure 16 in the 1994 November elections that would have legalized euthanasia under limited conditions (Oregon 2). The National Right to Life Committee, sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church and other Christian denominations, obtained a court injunction to delay the implementation of the measure. In the meantime, the measure was not enacted (Johnson 30). The Oregon Medical Association originally took no stand on the matter but later came out against it because of what was considered legal flaws (Oregon 4). Conservatives within the Oregon government were forced to approve the legislation due to the June 1997 second public referendum. The referendum was upheld by 61% of adults in Oregon (Oregon 5-6). A Right to Life lawyer named Annette Patterson said: â€Å"It’s... Free Essays on Euthanasia in America Free Essays on Euthanasia in America Euthanasia in the United States The frail woman lay on her bed, chatting quietly with her grandchild. They had spent the day talking about unicorns, Cinderella, and â€Å"the olden days.† As they conversed, the woman’s daughter looked on. She nodded to the doctor, and by the end of the evening the joyful spirit of old woman was gone. Euthanasia is a practice that has become more common than realized in the United States. Various states in the Union have tried to legalize euthanasia within the past few years. Those states include Colorado, Florida, Maine, Michigan, New York, Washington, California and Oregon. North Carolina, Utah and Wyoming do not necessarily ban physician-assisted suicide. Euthanasia is criminalized in the remaining states (Johnson 25). Oregon is the only state that allows euthanasia under tightly controlled circumstances. (Johnson 26.) There are several bills that are circulating through U.S. courts and legislatures for and against euthanasia (Matas 14b). Even though euthanasia ha s a growing base of legal support in the United States, it is murder. Oregon has had an ongoing battle about euthanasia since 1994. Citizens in the state approved Ballot Measure 16 in the 1994 November elections that would have legalized euthanasia under limited conditions (Oregon 2). The National Right to Life Committee, sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church and other Christian denominations, obtained a court injunction to delay the implementation of the measure. In the meantime, the measure was not enacted (Johnson 30). The Oregon Medical Association originally took no stand on the matter but later came out against it because of what was considered legal flaws (Oregon 4). Conservatives within the Oregon government were forced to approve the legislation due to the June 1997 second public referendum. The referendum was upheld by 61% of adults in Oregon (Oregon 5-6). A Right to Life lawyer named Annette Patterson said: â€Å"It’s...

US fiscal deficit Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

US fiscal deficit - Annotated Bibliography Example "Long Term Fiscal Imbalances, Us External Liabilities and Future Living Standards". The Long-Term International Economic Position of the United States. By Bergsten, C. Fred. 1st Ed. New York: Peterson Institute, 2009. 11 - 23. Print. This chapter of the book focuses on the rising deficit of USA , decreasing savings among corporate and households and increasing external debt liabilities of USA. It explores the interrelationship among the three. It warns that exports from USA are continually decreasing with the rise of China which makes our external debt huge. This external debt coupled with fiscal deficit can cause problems for the economy in future if the saving rate does not increase. Conason, Joe. "Dick Cheney was right : Deficits dont matter and Republicans who are complaining about Barak Obamas spending are hypocrites." 2009. Web. 19 Mar 2013. . This article is about 2 major points. The first point which has been raised is that although Republicans are having been responsible for raising most of the United States debt. The second point mentioned is that national debt does not really matter provided that it is incurred to create long term growth for the country. Productive debt which kick starts the economy is much more beneficial in the long term which more than covers the short term negative effects of the debt. Concordcoalition.org. "Understanding the Federal Debt Limit | The Concord Coalition." 2013. Web. 19 Mar 2013. .

Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example The two newspapers, New York Times and the Washington Post published articles saying that the retailer has benefited the low income consumers so much that it definitely counter-acts the harsh labor practices. There is ample empirical evidence which shows that the workers of Wal-Mart are earning below than the average and they are paid with lower wages. Apart from the monetary rewards, even the non monetary rewards that they are not sufficient. This shows that the average wages awarded to the workers of Wal-Mart are less than what many workers get awarded at different large retail stores. The controversy continued deep persisted that how the local pay scale affects Wal-Mart and its image. Research suggest that the openings of the Wal-Mart replaces the better and well paying jobs with the jobs that pay less or below than the average level. Looking at the entry of Wal-Mart and its mission of providing cost effective goods and services, the wages of the average workers have been driven d own as a result. This trend is specifically noticed in the grocery stores industry. During the time period of between 1992 and 2000, it was noticed as soon as a Wal-Mart store would open up in a region; let’s say a county, the average wages will automatically push down between 0.5 and 0.9. If we take a look at the general view, the wages in the merchandise sector fell by 1% with the inauguration of a Wal-Mart store. These effects weren’t just noticed in the counties, but at the state level as well. The trend showed that with the opening of every 50 Wal-Mart stores opening, the average wages decreased 10 per cent. According to another research the health coverage offered to the workers decreased due to the entry... This research paper describes the Walmart, that is the largest retail store of the world today which has very successfully reached an enormous size, providing its consumers the high quality products throughout the US, without compromising on the quality. Wal-Mart has introduced the strategies which help in increasing the employment rate and also focusing on the controlling of the laid off rates. They have taken notice of the critics pointing out on the labor and low wages controversies and hence have introduced strategies to control this. Wal-Mart Stores run the largest discount department stores all around the world and listed it as the world’s third largest corporation. Although it employs more than a two million workers under its name, but the critics state continuously that Walmart tries to exploit its workers with low wages and less non monetary rewards. Any company which goes big become the eye of criticism. And Wal-Mart made sure that the workers are provided with their basic benefits. A genre discrimination lawsuit was filed against Walmart stating that the female workers were treated with discrimination especially in terms of salaries, non monetary benefits and the working conditions as well. Where there are certain criticisms related to the working conditions of the employees and how they are not treated well. However, the researcher believes that this is a part of the popularity and the market share that Wal-Mart has gotten hold of in a short period of time that such criticisms are being given.

Genetically Modified Foods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Genetically Modified Foods - Research Paper Example Genetically modified foods also known as biotech foods are foods that are manufactured artificially. Unlike other natural foods, genetically modified foods are produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Most genetically modified foods produced by genetically modified organisms are crops. The crops produced from genetically modified organisms include maize, wheat, beans, tomatoes and rice to mention but a few. GMOs are organisms that had changes in their bodies which were done by the introduction of some hormones into their bodies (Halford 2003). These changes were different from the mutational changes that are done to other organisms by genetic engineers. The commercial selling of genetic modified food products is believed to have begun in 1994. Scientists or rather genetic engineers began to produce genetically modified crops because they wanted to curb the increasing global hunger by then. The genetically modified crops undergo faster growth unlike the natural crops (Half ord 2003). Therefore, this helped to curb the menace of hunger. Genetically produced crops are also resistant to pathogens and other types of pests. This makes them to be produced in large amounts enough to cater for the rising world population. It was also found out that the natural crops lacked some nutrients such as iron and calcium. Therefore, the production of GMOs began since they produced extra nutrients which were helpful to children and pregnant mothers. However, after some years, the production of genetically modified food products faced strong opposition from world organizations.... In addition, the paper also discusses the possible solutions to the problems caused by the genetically produced food products. Opposing viewpoint There have been campaigns which encourage the supply of genetically modified products in the global market. Several organizations such as the European Union began to oppose the commercial sale of the products because the organization believed that the products were not good for human health. Several scientists were against the idea to encourage the production of genetically modified food products. However, one scientist who was popular because of his pro GMO campaigns was known as Thierry Vrain. Vrain in his campaigns gave alternative perspectives and proposed different methods of addressing the issue of genetically modified food products. To begin with, Vrain suggested that the growth of natural crops through irrigation is tiresome and hence should not be enhanced. He also suggested that the sale of genetically modified food products shoul d be enhanced globally. Vrain also supported biotechnology which encouraged the production of genetically modified food products. He proved his stand by withdrawing from a group of scientists who held meetings to campaign against the genetically modification of food products. However, according to this documented research paper, Vrain’s stand on genetically modified food products is found to be invalid. This is because the naturally grown crops such as maize, wheat, tomatoes, and beans among others were found to be very healthy and of good quality (Halford 2003). Especially among pregnant mothers and young children, they were discovered to provide certain nutrients such as iron and calcium which are not found in genetically modified

How Americans Were Seduced By Annexation Of Hawaii History Essay

How Americans Were Seduced By Annexation Of Hawaii History Essay In the title of this paper, I am making an overt reference to a recent publication of Dr. Andrew J. Bacevich, retired US Army colonel and professor of History and International Relations at Boston University. In this title, Bacevich provided a contemporary analysis of the roots of militarism in American society, and the over reliance that America places of its military capabilities when it comes to world affairs. It may seem odd at first, but Americas eponymous militarism and its current experiences in the current Global War on Terror have direct parallels with the US involvement in the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The US involvement in the forcible removal of the Kingdoms sovereignty has been described as Americas first experience with regime change.  [2]  In this paper, I will be documenting how Hawaii was in fact a sovereign nation within the family of nations; a status which changed with the US militarys intervention in the overthrow of the existing government in 1893. I will be framing this military intervention in the context of international laws and the United States own codes on war. In addition, the annexation of the strategically important Hawaii in the context of the impending Spanish American war will be discussed, as it has clear corollaries with the current US oil wars. (Just like the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, Americas participation in the overthrow of Haw aiis sovereignty in 1893 brings up questions of legality regarding international law.) To begin the analysis it is useful to look at the two frames of looking at Hawaii as an entity today: Hawaii as the 50th State In researching this paper, I have gained a new understanding in the history of the Hawaiian Islands, which is very different from the standard narrative which is generally taught. In fact, what is clear is that there are now two distinct narratives that in play when it comes to conceptualizing Hawaii. The first is that Hawaii is the 50th state of the United States of America, having won statehood in 1959. It is an idyllic land of beaches, tiki bars and a haven for surfing and brown girls in hulu skirts. One of the main texts consulted in this research was the Russs The Hawaiian Revolution. This monograph was published in 1959, the year that Hawaii became a US state. This is the authors preface as it succinctly describes how America frames its conception of Hawaii: No commercial company would touch this book because popular appeal is lacking in the pages. It is simply not the kind of book which would ever become a bestseller. Upon submitting a preliminary draft, at his request, to a reader of a New York publishing house, I received the following comment: What the commercial market wants on Hawaii is romance. I cannot quite see how you can appropriately put out this book with a jacket showing a scantily clad brownish maiden and a blurb assuring the reader that he or she might get some pointers as to how sin thrives in Hawaii. And that is what the public wants.    [An interesting aside to this is that this institution has one copy of this book, which was acquired in 1977 and in the intervening 33 years, I am the forth individual to check this item from the library.] Hawaii as a sovereign nation under US occupation In contrast to this way of looking at Hawaii, is to view Hawaii as a sovereign nation which is not a part of the United States and instead has been under illegal occupation since 1893. This is certainly not the way that Hawaii is portrayed in mainstream education and media, but does make sense of and explains the growing Hawaiian sovereignty movement. It is testament to the power and hegemony of the United States that what is in reality a colonial possession is perceived to have ceded its powers voluntarily and become a US state. To understand this narrative of Hawaii is to understand neo-colonialism at work. The United States clearly had a renewed vigour of Manifest Destiny in the late 1800s. At this time there was a push westwards to the Pacific coast, in search of cheaper labor, land and raw materials. Native people impeding this were fought, through the Indian wars all the west to the western coast. At this time there was great interest in the vast market of China and the Orient. Japan was a growing imperial power. The US was gravely concerned with European colonial powers and the nascent Japanese colonial powers influence on China, as this was in large part an untapped market. Hawaii as a military outpost Today Hawaii is one of the most militarized places on earth. It has tens of thousands of troops and more than 150 military installations on the island. More than a third of the land is controlled by the US military. It had become a popular retirement location for military personnel, and real estate prices are several times the national average. It is home to The  United States Pacific Command  (USPACOM), which has responsibility for over half of the worlds surface. The idea of the American military base is a fundamentally symbol of power for the US. A recent count of US military installations across the globe places the number of foreign bases at over 700  [3]  . A US presence in Germany or the detention facilities at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba are facts of the modern world. In his recent critique of the modern American empire, Chalmers Johnson, seeing these bases as a symbol of empire, draws parallels between the current spread of mid- and large-sized US military bases with those of the British Empire and the Roman Empire at the heights of their powers.  [4]  Given these parallels, it is evident why the label of empire has been applied to the American experience. This notion of empire changed the image of America from within and to the outside world, with the 1898 annexation of Hawaii was an important first step in the creation of this new empire. Fundamental to the US domination of Asia was to have a military outpost far out in the Pacific. In John Hustons WWII documentary Report from the Aleutians he shows a map that illustrates how the Aleutian Islands and the Hawaiian islands were the two strategic outposts from which the Pacific coast of the United States was protected.  [5]  In essence the strategy was to establish naval superiority by bringing the war to them, and have these outposts operating as vanguards against attack. Ernest May emphasizes the shift in Americas foreign policy when it came to the Hawaii question by comparing views expressed about Hawaii with those expressed twenty-odd years earlier about the Dominican republic: As of 1870 they had still seen the United States as an experiment: the only consequential nation without a monarch and a privileged aristocracy, and the only one that attempted to reconcile national and local interests by means of a federal system.  [6]   Central to the debates and discourse that occurred around the 1890s was the Monroe Doctrine from several decades earlier. By the 1890s The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 seemed to offer justification for actions taken involving Hawaii, Cuba, The Philippines, China and Central and South America. Ultimately, the Spanish-American war of 1898 was an important focal point that sharpened attitudes towards how America should approach her role within the wider world. To understand this, it is useful to revisit the Monroe Doctrine of over half a century earlier and to explain why it became so important at the close of the century.   The Monroe Doctrine was declared in a few paragraphs of President James Monroes seventh annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823. Monroe warned European countries not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere, stating that the American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.  [7]  This made clear to the rest of the world that any such colonization would amount to an act of aggression and would be responded to with force.    The Monroe Doctrine thus became the foundation of future U.S. foreign policy, and it set out to separate the New World from the Old World. Although this Doctrine met with tacit approval from Great Britain, it was not initially taken as seriously as it would be later in the century due to the image at the time of Americas week naval power. Alongside the resurgent interest in the Monroe Doctrine, there also was a movement towards a new Manifest Destiny a phrase normally ascribed to an earlier period of westward territorial expansion. American historian and philosopher John Fiske wrote an influential article in 1885, published in Harpers magazine entitled A New Manifest Destiny. Referring to the frontier against barbarism Fiskes piece which advocated Christianizing and civilizing the barbarians was rapturously received by audiences at the time, on the lecture circuit.  [8]   It is interesting to contrast Fiskes optimistic and expansionist world-view with the prevailing traditionalist American sentiment of isolationism. A prime example of this was in the US restrained response to The Chilean Controversy of 1891. In late 1891 two US sailors on shore leave from the cruiser USS Baltimore in the Chilean port of Valparaà ­so were killed by rebels (who later would form the new post revolution government.) Despite registering his indignation at the attack, President Harrison remained non-confrontational. Responding to this diplomatic incident he states in an internal memo: It has been my desire in every way to cultivate friendly and intimate relationships with all the Governments of this hemisphere. We do not covet their territory.  [9]   President McKinleys future Secretary of State John Sherman in 95 echoed these sentiments when he wrote that he hopes that our people will be content with internal growth, and avoid the complications of foreign acquisitions.  [10]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is in the context of the above tensions between the expansionist and traditionalist mindsets that Hawaii and its intertwinement with the United States came about. The background to the US involvement in Hawaii began with trade treaties cementing a relationship going back a half century based on missionaries and whaling fleets  [11]  . In return for the United States permitting Hawaiian sugar to enter the American market freely, the Hawaiian government agreed not to lease or dispose of any of its territory to any other power. It also lead to the granting to the US of a naval base at Pearl Harbor. Interestingly the Treaty explicitly acknowledged Hawaii as a sovereign state. Overall, however, the effect of this treaty was to dilute the countrys independence and make her dependent on the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point Hawaii was a sovereign independent state the Hawaiian Kingdom and was governed under a single ruler (King David KalÄ kaua.) It had international recognition and had entered into treaties and conventions with the nations of Austria, Belgium, Bremen (presently Germany), Denmark, France, Germany, Hamburg (presently Germany), Italy, Hong Kong (former colony of England), Japan, Netherlands, New South Wales (former colony of England), Portugal, Russia, Samoa, the Swiss Confederation, Sweden, Norway, Tahiti (colony of France), United Kingdom, and the United States of America.  [12]  In 1887, the King was forced to promulgate a new constitution which would drastically reduce his powers and transfer the balance of power to the American, European and Hawaiian elite on the islands. It changed the voting rights of the population and disenfranchised Asians from voting. This came to be known as the Bayonet Constitution as a result of the King being under threat of being deposed by the armed militia and politicians representing the elite what came to be known as the Reform Party. This Party favored annexation with the United States. In the end this led to the permanent cession of Pearl Harbor and its surrounds to the United States. This experience of having a naval military installation in a foreign territory or host country was to be the blueprint for the future expansion of the American Empire. This uneasy alliance continued until 1893 when Queen LiliÊ »uokalani, sister of the King ascended to the throne and went about drafting a new constitution which would restore the monarchys powers. As a reaction to this, elite mostly American residents on the island created a Committee of Safety which had for its purpose the removal of the Queen, and ultimately to cede to the United States through annexation. A provisional government was assembled and a coup dà ©tat took place aided in large part by the presence in Hawaii of a detachment of uniformed US marines who came aboard from their cruiser, the USS Boston which was in Honolulu Harbor at the time. The presence of these armed US soldiered who were there ostensible in a neutral capacity to protect US citizens in Hawaii was sufficiently intimidating for the Queen to surrender, leading to the abolition of the monarchy. What is particularly interesting about this whole episode and ensuing controversy is that it marked a period of introspection and conspicuous concern for the image that America was projecting to the world. President Harrison had favored annexation but when President Cleveland assumed office again in 1993 for his second term (the first term being directly before Harrison) he strongly opposed annexation on moral grounds. In a message to Congress dated December 18, 1893 he states that all things relating to the transaction (the treaty of annexation of Hawaii) should be clear and free from suspicion. He conceded in the same message that the Provisional Government (of Hawaii) owes its existence to an armed invasion by the United States. The tone of this message makes it clear that President Cleveland thought the annexation of the islands to be unconscionable and would impugn the American people and the image of the country internationally.  [13]  In fact President Cleveland ordered an investigation into the overthrow by former Congressman James Henderson Blount.   It was concluded by Blount in 1893 that the United States diplomatic and military representatives had abused their authority and were responsible for the change in government. However, a U.S. Congressional investigation under Senator John Tyler Morgan into the overthrow, one year later cleared the US military of wrongdoing.  [14]  At this point Cleveland changed his position, recognizing the Provisional Government and the nascent Republic of Hawaii. The United States had failed to annex the Hawaiian Islands by treaty. The Hawaiian question remained, and continued to be debated. It could be said that at this point America had to position itself internationally, wrestling with ideas between its traditional moral repugnance at the idea of colonial interference and a growing notion that it should take all outlying territory necessary to (its) own defense.  [15]  That last quotation is attributed to the very influential Henry Cabot Lodge speaking to the US Senate in 1895. In this speech he forewarned of Japanese encroachment of the islands which would cause a threat to the United States.  [16]   Lorrin A. Thurston, leader of the 1893 coup, further pushed the cause for annexation by emphasizing the Japanese threat. He circulated a pamphlet  [17]  in 1897 warning of Japanese immigration to Hawaii and the threat that the huge numbers of arrivals to the islands would pose.   Eventually they would be dominant in numbers and being an energetic, ambition, warlike and progressive people would pose a serious threat. Walter LaFeber summed up the years leading up to this writing:   Ã‚   Jingoistic congressmen, expansionist-minded naval officers, and militant-minded newspaper editors frequently attempted to conjure up the specter of British, Japanese, or even Russian control of these islands.  [18]   The following year in 1898 the new President McKinley was in favor of a Treaty of Annexation, but this failed in the Senate. A congressional joint resolution was obtained this year, and on the authority of this joint resolution Hawaii was annexed, becoming a US territory officially in 1900. This was an important turning point, as effectively this was the first instance of the new American Imperialism. It is also important in that the basis for the annexation was not a treaty but rather a joint resolution (even a treaty of cession by the self-imposed government officials of the Bayonet Constitution would be suspect.) To compare this with today, the United States had as much right to annex Hawaii in 1898 as it has today to annex Iraq or Afghanistan. This is a fundamental point at the heart of the issue the overthrow was illegal under international law. But in the context of the Islands use as an outpost during the 1898 Spanish American war, that is what happened. In his doctoral dissertation on the issue, Dr. Keanu Sai writes Congress could no more annex the Hawaiian Islands in 1898 as a matter of military necessity during the Spanish American war than it could annex Afghanistan today as a matter of military necessity during the American war on terrorism.  [19]  Dr. Sai, who himself served as a US Army officer, gave an example of how Americas involvement in the Hawaiian overthrow would be perceived now. He explained how if he landed in South Korea as a US Army officer without a status of forces agreement or consent by that government, it would be an act of war.  [20]  When the US Marines came ashore in 1898 wielding Gatling guns and Howitzers to protect the insurgents, this was thus an act of war. Military occupation is currently regulated by the Hague and Geneva Conventions, and US Army Field Manual 27-10. Section 358 of this manual states: Occupation Does Not Transfer Sovereignty: Being an incident of war, military occupation confers upon the invading force the means of exercising control for the period of occupation. It does not transfer the sovereignty to the occupant, but simply the authority or power to exercise some of the rights of sovereignty. The exercise of these rights results from the established power of the occupant and from the necessity of maintaining law and order, indispensable both to the inhabitants and to the occupying force. Section 369 of the same field manual entitled Local Law and New Legislation states that the penal laws of the occupied territory shall remain in force. It is for this reason that in the current War on Terror US lieutenants can be seen to be acting in temporarily municipal capacities as Afghani town mayors etc. Clearly neither of the above regulations was observed by the US in Hawaii. The political crisis of the Spanish American war provided the motive and the opportunity to annex Hawaii. From this point onward the military buildup in Hawaii took off in earnest. To keep the war outside the continental US and to protect shipping posts, a large navy was to be created with naval outposts at Hawaii, Guam, Subic Bay and Pago Pago in Samoa. By attaining Hawaii unlawfully, the US has demonstrated that military, economic and political motives came first. Hawaii did indeed continue to prove to be the strategically valuable military outpost that it was presented as in the 1890s. At no time more so than during WWII. The war was fundamentally a global war between different colonial powers about who gets to control what. After the war ended, the United Nations was set up and charged with tackling the question of colonialism itself. The 1950s saw a wave of colonialist movements and clearly the US began to see Hawaii as being in danger of falling outside of the US sphere of influence. Statehood was voted upon in 1959 and Hawaiis ties to the US were formalized. At this time the minority of the population were Hawaiians whose sovereignty had been taken away, and the vote was passed by the very people who benefited from the illegal regime change. These people were the settlers from the US, the Asian laborers they had brought to the Islands and US military personnel stationed and living there. Clearly the interests of the native Hawaiians was placed at the forefront in this vote for statehood (a concept the UN refers to as a duty of sacred trust.) The ballot for statehood gave the whole experience the veneer of democracy. Article Six  of the United States Constitution  makes treaties made by the US a part of the supreme law of the land, the constitution. As a signatory to the United Nations and by acting in contravention of its codes, the US was thereby violating both international and domestic (constitutional) law, in order to further its military and strategic aims. In his (of the time) groundbreaking work The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, William Appleman Williams shoes how America has used informal empire to influence and shape weaker states into an American political and economic mold. At the time of publication, Appleman Williams in his conclusion chapter references the then ongoing Vietnam war and he draws parallels with this and the way the United States acted in the past (Hawaii and the expansionism era of the 1890s.) It is interesting to now be able to draw parallels with the Bush Doctrine as evidenced in the Global War on Terror. Williams comments on the Open Door policy for foreign expansionism which helped America out of the slump of 1893 (in essence, the scramble for China.) This foreign policy advanced by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay allowed imperial powers to equally access the Chinese market, without in fact colonizing it. (It was a great fear of the U.S. that China would be colonized thereby threatening U.S. commercial interests.)   He provided a revisionist interpretation of the debates occurring in the 1890s: at the time it was imperialist vs. anti-imperialist Williams shifts this analysis to colonialist vs. anti-colonialist. This analysis provides us with further proof that the American experiment differed in substantial ways from the colonial empires of the Old World. His analysis also questions the then pervading narrative of Americas altruistic exceptionalism as being the primary driver in entering into foreign wars. Again, parallels can be drawn between more recent US Oil wars. In an inte resting contemporary development on the Hawaii situation, President Clinton in 1993 (100 years after the overthrow) signed a congressional joint resolution into law, known as the Apology Resolution. It acknowledges that the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and further acknowledges that the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum  [21]   To conclude, it is evident that a marked shift in occurred in the American foreign policy and militarism in the 1890s, culminating in the Spanish-American war. Americas approach to the Hawaii situation and the ultimate annexation of the islands was a turning point, and was clearly the first real evidence of the new American empire. I have reviewed debates and accounts from the time and later, influential revisionist writers such as Appleman Williams who makes comparisons to the then current Vietnam situation. I have reviewed and discussed recent literature from critics of current U.S. wars and drawn comparisons between Hawaii in 1898 and current conflicts over 100 years later. The conclusion is that although the symbol or form of empire is different it is still there.

Origin of Digital Species Essay -- Internet History Essays

Origin of Digital Species Lev Manovich1 and Simon Cook2 argue that the internet and digital culture should be understood as a product of late Victorian and Modernist visual forms, but it is the goal of this paper to show that the internet and digital culture, while heavily influenced by these visual forms, is not the sole product of them, and that the time period between 1930 and the present day must also be included when analyzing the history of the internet. The best illustration of this point is the similarity and yet fundamental difference between the cinematographic experiments of the Soviet Constructivist Dziga Vertov and the modern visual jockey artists known as the â€Å"NomIg Collective†. By analyzing the art forms that exist on the internet it is possible to see how they are related to the preceding forms of art that existed in the times from which Manovich and Cook claim the internet to be a product. Before the terms Late Victorian, Modernist and Post-modernist visual forms are used, it is important to define what is meant by each of these terms, and to explain how they are all in essence connected to each other. During the Victorian era the world was transformed. Starting with Darwin’s theory of evolution, the world of science crecendoed into a period of rapid discovery and accelerated advancement that was previously unknown. It was out of this boom in the intellectual world that man’s desire to possess all knowledge began to seem more of an achievable goal and less like medieval lore . It was around the Victorian period that all modern forms of classification are began to expand: Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Museums are Libraries -to name a few forms- started to grow into their modern form as common tool... ...tov the need to refer to the cinematographer and the camera as machines that can engineer a product as well as any other piece of machinery. However, NomIg makes no self references, there is no portrayal of the computer or the human as anything specific in their work, and so they leave out a basic tenet of the Modernist manifesto. When the internet and digital culture is analyzed through the types of art it inspires it becomes clear that while the foundations for computers and artistic technique are a inspired by and partly the product of late Victorian and Modernist visual forms, it is not possible to ignore the effect that postmodernism has had on these art forms. To understand digital culture, regard should be given to both the Modernists who created the scientific framework and the Postmodernists who created the subject matter to exist within that framework.

Children in the Philippines: No Time for Play Essay

Children in the Philippines: â€Å"No Time for Play’ What brand of sugar are you using right now? Where was it made? Do you know what went into the making of your sugar? It could be the blood of a child, the sweat of a child, the tears ofa child. Now, as I read about child labor, I look down at the pack of sugar I am using. I twist it around in an attempt to get a look at the tag, I can read the plain white tape into the tag: â€Å"Manufactured in Negros Occidental†. As I slowly put the sugar on the table, I think about what it means. Negros Occidental is the major producer of sugarcane and a major home to child labor. According to DOLE, an estimated 3 – 5 million working children are there in the Philippines. As likely as not, the pack of sugar I’m using is the product of some unfortunate child forced by circumstances to work away his or her childhood in a sweatshop. It feels sad that what we use as our daily commodity is the work of the poor Filipino children. â€Å"The child is the father of man. † This famous line quoted by William Wordsworth refers to the importance of the child for the development of society as well as for the all-round development of the human race. Childhood is the time to garner the best hysical, intellectual and emotional capacity to fulfill this duty towards the nation and to one’s own self. However, this simple rule of nature has been crippled by the ever- growing menace of child labor. If one conceives the idea of child labor, it brings before the eyes the picture of exploitation of little, physically tender, illiterate and under-nourished children working in hazardous and unhealthy conditions. As what we saw last Tuesday, September 7, 2010 in our film showing about Social Class at the Educational Media Center of CPL], it is very depressing that many Filipino children are under child labor. In Sudtonggan, Cebu children are carrying piles of marble stone on their head. In Diwalwal, Davao del Norte, children are laborers through the night. Children at about 12 years old are mining in deep tunnels. Mining is a very dangerous Job because going inside the tunnel is a 50/50 chance that you can get out alive. A lot has already been died inside the tunnel due to dynamite smoke, falling rocks, and avalanche. Many children also died because of mercury poisoning from the fish that they eat because in making gold the ore that the miners collect are mixed with water and mercury and the mercury deposits are disposed nto their lands leading to the sickness of their people and themselves. We also saw in the film, a girl named Angeli Cabrera, a 10 year old girl who lives at Manapla, Negros Occidental. Angeli used to work in a hacienda (a sugarcane factory) in their place and earn not as much as 50 pesos a day. Due to her work she is always absent lost one of her finger, her classmates used to tease her, she said to her classmates she got wounds not because of playing but because of hard work. There are also cases especially in Ormoc, Leyte where children are told or brainwashed by a recruiter that there is a good Job in their place. The recruiter will bring them into the ship to Manila and force them to work in a sweatshop instead of working in a good job as a saleslady. The worst part of it is that they are imprisoned. The children are not allowed to send letters to their parents. The imprisoned children struggled in the sweatshop. Hopefully the Kamanglayan Development Center retrieve the children in that sweatshop and imprisoned the recruiter behind it. Now the Kamanglayan Development Center are monitoring children that travel to Manila by the boat and the most successful organization for working children. Can you imagine that millions of children are working nowadays? It’s a mere fact and a big frustration to us all. More and more children are forced to child labor because of poverty. They had suffered hunger and thirst, pain in the body and pain in the heart. They had sacrificed their life – instead of playing they are working, instead of studying they are sweating. Working children are deprived of playing. Children are supposed to play and not to work in sweatshops because being a child doesn’t last forever. They should enjoy their childhood and be happy with his or her amily; yet it is a big wake up call to us all that not all people live within their means. Filipino families suffer the economic crisis of our country. Many parents work hard and still cannot fully support their family and that is why children are forced to work because they pity their parents and they work in order to help them. The love that the Filipino children give to their parents is very noble yet the way they help their parents is too much, child labor is not the best way to help their parents. Children are suffering and shouting â€Å"No time for play’. Yes, poverty has greatly ruled the land yet when will this suffering end?

George Robert Twelves Hewes essays

George Robert Twelves Hewes essays George Hewes was born in Boston in 1742 but moved to New York when he was eight. Born into a poor family with his dad dying of a stroke at a very young age, his mom was the sole benefactor of the house. From the beginning, it was clear that he was destined to be established into a low social class for he didnt have anything going for him. He wasnt' tall nor big so the only job he could do was to make shoes. Later when he would want to fight in the war, he could not because his physical statue. He was put into the shoemakin business by his mom beause she felt he wasn't capable of doin anything else. No one else in his family had done anything other than trading or jobs of such kind. This made Hewes seem to have a strong or dominant personality. "He was what Bostonians called 'saucy'; he was always in Dutch (575)." He mother was very controlling of him which would later effect the way he responded to authority. "Abigail Hewes must have been desperate to control George." This statement refers to how Abigail would punish George very heavily for the littlest things. Young interprets this as a way to keep her son in line or restrain him from straying from the family. As George Hewes got older, more Americans were rebelling against Britain's ruling. Britain began to tax the cities' more on things that seemed unnecessary to the people. Hewes still was a shoemaker as an adult male so that didnt help him move up into a higher social class. According to Young, "Between 1768 and 1775, the shoemaker became a citizen-an active participant in the events that led to the Revolution, an angry, assertive man who won recognition as a patriot (585)." This quote states much about Hewes personality. Throughout his life, many people tried to step on and take advantage of him, but this did not get him down. No matter how people treated him, he still gave them respect and would not act hastily or in spite. In one instance...

Early Development of the United States Court System

Early Development of the United States Court System Article Three of the US Constitution stated: [t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The first actions of the newly created Congress were to pass the Judiciary Act of 1789 that made provisions for the Supreme Court. It said that it would consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices and they would meet in the nations capital. The first Chief Justice appointed by George Washington was John Jay who served from September 26, 1789, to June 29, 1795. The five Associate Justices were John Rutledge, William Cushing, James Wilson, John Blair, and James Iredell. The Judiciary Act of 1789 The Judiciary Act of 1789 additionally stated that the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court would include appellate jurisdiction in larger civil cases and cases in which state courts ruled on federal statutes. Further, the Supreme Court justices were required to serve on the U.S. circuit courts. Part of the reason for this to make sure that judges from the highest court would be involved in the principal trial courts learn about the procedures of the state courts. However, this was often seen as a hardship. Further, in the early years of the Supreme Court, the justices had little control over which cases they heard. It was not until 1891 that they were able to review courses through certiorari and did away with the right of automatic appeal. While the Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, it has limited administrative authority over the federal courts. It wasnt until 1934 that Congress gave it the responsibility for drafting rules of federal procedure. Circuits and Districts The Judiciary Act also marked out the United States into circuits and districts. Three circuit courts were created. One included the Eastern States, the second included the Middle States, and the third was created for the Southern States. Two justices of the Supreme Court were assigned to each of the circuits, and their duty was to periodically go to a city in each state in the circuit and hold a circuit court in combination with the district judge of that state. The point of the circuit courts was to decide cases for most federal criminal cases along with suits between citizens of different states and civil cases brought by the US Government. They also served as appellate courts. The number of Supreme Court justices involved in each circuit court was reduced to one in 1793. As the United States grew, the number of circuit courts and the number of Supreme Court justices grew to ensure that there was one justice for each circuit court. The circuit courts lost the ability to judge on a ppeals with the creation of the US Circuit Court of Appeals in 1891 and was entirely abolished in 1911. Congress created thirteen district courts, one for each state. The district courts were to sit for cases involving admiralty and maritime cases along as some minor civil and criminal cases. The cases had to arise within the individual district to be seen there. Also, the judges were required to live in their district. They were also involved in the circuit courts and often spent more time on their circuit court duties than their district court duties. The president was to create a district attorney in each district. As new states arose, new district courts were established in them, and in some cases, additional district courts were added in larger states. Learn more about the US Federal Court System.

Honolulu International Airport Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Honolulu International Airport - Research Paper Example In 1947 it was renamed as Honolulu international airport. On account of its strategic position in the center of Pacific Ocean, it functioned as a halting station for many flights crossing the ocean which flew from the Asia and Australia to the regions of north and South America. It is publicly owned by the state of Hawaii. With the continuous use of the airport, many developments have taken place in the airport especially after 1950s, in order to cater to the growing needs of air transport and to facilitate the increasing amount of air traffic. In 1965 the original terminal building at the airport was demolished in for the development of the John Rodgers building. The terminal building underwent many expansions and the Diamond Head Concourse was added to it in 1970, the Ewa Concourse in 1972 and the Central Concourse in 1980. The airport covers about 2216 acres of land area and about 2210 acres of water. It has four runways with asphalt or bituminous surface and two runways on water that provide service to the seaplanes for landing and take off. Out of them, two are parallel east-west runways and two crosswind runways. The reef runway (8R/26/L) is entirely constructed offshore on reclaimed land. It has been identified as an alternate landing place for the NASA space shuttles. The airport also shares some of the defense airfield facilities with the Hickam Air Force Base. Currently, the airport provides services to 31 operating airlin... The terminal has facilities for shopping, medical service, business center with conference room, restaurant and hotel. The Wiki Wiki buses run between the terminals for transport on the airfield. Functioning as a hub and spoke airport, it acts a primary hub for international aviations and as a point to point airport for the domestic airways. It is one of the large hub airports of total 29 such hub and spoke airports in the United States. It shares 1.36% of the total passenger traffic out of the total large hubs in the United States with a total number of 84,796 fight departures and commuting a total number of 8,684,893 passengers.1 It also transfers a freight of 199,144.89 tones and 28,931.18 tones of mails in the year of 2000.2 The mode of transportation to and from the airport The airport is connected with freeways to other parts of the island and to other islands via domestic airlines as well as water ways. As of now, in Honolulu, there are no fixed rail mass transit systems. The interstate H-I freeway connects the Honolulu city with the international airport and the same road also connects the Hikam Air Force base with the airport. Nimitz Highway and the Queen Liliuokalani Freeway connect the airport with other parts of the Oahu Island. Many state-authorized and non authorized bus services shuttle between Waikiki, a well known beach resort on Oahu Island, and Honolulu Airport. The buses offer transportation to other hotels in Waikiki from where transportation services are available for other travel destination. The airport is in excellent connection with the Honolulu city with the public transportation service, called 'The Bus'. Buses commute from the place at an interval of 30 minutes to the city area thus providing good amount of connection to the

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT ABSTRACT Assignment

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT ABSTRACT - Assignment Example The modern lifestyles characterized with minimal physical social interaction are largely to blame for the lack of information on such evident topics in the public domain. This research therefore seeks to legitimize this claim by studying the missionary work in Arab countries by Brazilian missionaries. A missionary act, just like evangelism, is a means of spreading the gospel to regions considered unreachable by Christian adherents. The Arab world is largely Islamic which implies that such people have adequate knowledge on religion and arguably Christianity. However, the two have different cultures which may be a hindrance to changing their mentality into concurring with the teachings of Christianity thus influencing their refusal to change their religions. Hospitality is a virtue of religions espoused upon by Jesus Christ and enshrined in the holy books of the religion. The differing cultures of the Arabs and the Brazilian missionaries may arguably have an influence on their understanding of hospitality, which infers that the Arabic understanding if hospitality especially in relation to people ascribing to other faiths may impact their receipt of such sensational and radical information concerning a new faith. The research therefore seeks to establish the role that culture plays in understanding hospitality and how the two influences the spread of the